Global Cardiovascular Disease Drugs Market Analysis

Global Cardiovascular Disease Drugs Market Analysis

The global cardiovascular disease drugs market is projected to grow from $55.32 Bn in 2022 to $78.791 Bn by 2030, registering a CAGR of 4.52% during the forecast period of 2022-30.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in all regions of the world and it is responsible for around 17.9 Mn deaths worldwide every year. The global cardiovascular disease drug market is rapidly growing market due to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and is expected to grow in the coming year.

The market for cardiovascular drugs is driven by a number of factors like the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, research and development of new drugs, increasing awareness and early detection of cardiovascular diseases, and growing demand for precision medicine. Governments around the world are taking initiatives and arranging campaigns to raise awareness and increase knowledge about various signs and symptoms for early detection of cardiovascular diseases and the importance of timely management of cardiovascular diseases.

Some of the key players in the cardiovascular drugs market include Pfizer Inc., AstraZeneca plc, Merck & Co., Sanofi S.A., and Novartis S.A. These companies are investing heavily in research and development of new treatments and improving existing ones.

The cardiovascular drugs market is segmented by type of indication, like coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmia, and others. The market is also segmented by drug class, distribution channels, and regions.

Overall, the global cardiovascular drugs market is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, driven by increasing demand for effective treatments and ongoing investment in research and development.

What is the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in the World?

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of disability and death due to chronic diseases. In 2021, 10.8 Mn cardiovascular deaths and 11.3 Mn total deaths are expected to be due to high systolic blood pressure worldwide. This risk factor has been specifically linked to deaths from ischemic heart disease and stroke. All-cause DALYs attributable to hypertension in 2021 were 2,770 per 100,000. Around 32% of deaths are caused by cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is higher in high-income countries compared to low-income countries. High-income countries have a high prevalence of risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking which leads to an increasing number of cardiovascular diseases.

The most significant risk factor is a sedentary lifestyle, and the oldest males have the highest age-specific incidence rates. A sedentary lifestyle has increased the incidence of obesity and the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Other risk factors like increasing age, family history, diabetes, smoking, unhealthy diet, and stress are common factors giving contribute to cardiovascular diseases.

Table 1: Global Ranking of Cardiovascular Deaths by Cause

Cause of Death	Number of Deaths in 2021 (95% UI)	Number of DALYs (95% UI)
Ischemic Heart Disease	9,440,000 (8,820,000-9,960,000)	185,000,000 (175,000,000-196,000,000)
Ischemic Stroke	3,870,000 (3,550,000-4,170,000)	70,200,000 (64,500,000-76,800,000)
Intracerebral Hemorrhage	3,460,000 (3,210,000-3,750,000)	78,600,000 (73,300,000-84,600,000)
Hypertensive Heart Disease	1,410,000 (1,170,000-1,560,000)	24,900,000 (20,900,000-27,200,000)
Rheumatic Heart Disease	391,000 (340,000-454,000)	13,400,000 (11,600,000-15,400,000)
Atrial fibrillation and flutter	366,000 (313,000-396,000)	8,200,000 (6,830,000-9,940,000)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage	365,000 (329,000-411,000)	10,400,000 (9,370,000-11,800,000)
Other cardiomyopathy	320,000 (289,000-348,000)	8,450,000 (7,800,000-9,170,000)
Other cardiovascular diseases	232,000 (212,000-252,000)	10,100,000 (8,500,000-11,900,000)
Aortic aneurysm	160,000 (144,000-170,000)	3,040,000 (2,820,000-3,210,000)
Nonrheumatic calcific aortic valve disease	151,000 (127,000-164,000)	2,140,000 (1,950,000-2,370,000)
​Endocarditis	81,100 (74,400-90,400)	​2,040,000 (1,880,000-2,270,000)​
Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease	71,200 (61,400-76,300)	1,520,000 (1,230,000-2,010,000)
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy	66,000 (55,600-74,200)	2,190,000 (1,850,000-2,460,000)
Nonrheumatic degenerative mitral valve disease	38,600 (33,900-43,100)	924,000 (827,000-1,070,000)
Myocarditis	33,600 (27,100-38,000)	962,000 (810,000-1,090,000)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension	23,300 (20,000-26,000)	640,000 (565,000-726,000)
Other nonrheumatic valve diseases	2,120 (1,580-2,690)	51,500 (37,100-66,200)

 

Table 2: Global Ranking of Attributable Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Due to Selected Modifiable Risk Factors

Cause of Death	Number of Deaths in 2021 (95% UI)	Number of DALYs (95% UI)
High systolic blood pressure	10,800,000 (9,150,000-12,100,000)	209,000,000 (172,000,000-236,000,000)
Dietary risks	6,580,000 (2,270,000-9,520,000)	142,000,000 (45,300,000-200,000,000)
High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	3,810,000 (2,170,000-5,420,000)	86,300,000 (54,100,000-115,000,000)
Ambient particulate matter pollution	3,130,000 (2,310,000-3,930,000)	62,500,000 (45,700,000-78,400,000)
Smoking	2,370,000 (498,000-4,410,000)	59,600,000 (13,100,000-107,000,000)
High fasting plasma glucose	2,300,000 (2,030,000-2,650,000)	41,200,000 (36,600,000-47,600,000)
High body mass index	1,950,000 (1,120,000-2,910,000)	43,900,000 (23,800,000-65,400,000)
Kidney dysfunction	1,870,000 (1,440,000-2,340,000)	38,200,000 (30,700,000-45,900,000)
Household air pollution from solid fuels	1,610,000 (904,000-2,820,000)	36,200,000 (21,200,000-61,100,000)
Lead exposure	1,570,000 (-139,000-3,170,000)	29,700,000 (-2,780,000-61,200,000)
Low temperature	1,020,000 (915,000-1,100,000)	17,700,000 (15,900,000-19,200,000)
Secondhand smoke	743,000 (297,000-1,070,000)	16,700,000 (6,870,000-24,300,000)
High alcohol use	407,000 (179,000-708,000)	9,260,000 (3,830,000-16,300,000)
Low physical activity	397,000 (122,000-684,000)	7,220,000 (2,870,000-11,500,000)
High temperature	164,000 (114,000-205,000)	3,440,000 (2,370,000-4,300,000)

*(DALY = Disability Adjusted Life Year, UI = Uncertainty Interval)

Age-Standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) Per 100,000 For

1. Cardiovascular Diseases Globally

2. Specific Cardiovascular Diseases by Region​

​

What are the Most Common Cardiovascular Diseases?

There is various type of cardiovascular diseases that affects the global population. The most common cardiovascular diseases are:

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

It is a condition that is the most common kind of cardiovascular disease, which occurs when the coronary arteries that carry oxygen and nutrients to the heart constrict or obstruct, commonly as a result of the accumulation of plaque. Heart attacks and angina (chest pain) are two symptoms that CAD can cause.

The prevalence of CAD in the US is estimated to be 6.4% in adults aged 20 and over. In 2021 about 2 in 1 death from CAD occurred in adults less than 65 years old. The prevalence of CAD is higher in males than females. It is the most common type of cardiovascular disease which has killed around 375,476 people in the US in 2021.

Treatments available for Coronary Artery Disease

• Lifestyle Modification
• Medications: antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, nitroglycerin, and ACE inhibitors
• Angioplasty and stenting
• Coronary artery bypass grafting
• Cardiac rehabilitation

2. Heart Attack or Myocardial Infraction (MI)

A heart attack is also known as a Myocardial infarction (MI), it occurs when there is a blockage of one or more arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. In the US around 805,000 people have heart attacks every year. Out of them 605,000 are first heart attack and 200,000 happen to people who have already had a heart attack. 1 in every 5 heart attacks is silent.

Treatments available for Heart Attack or Myocardial Infraction (MI)

• Emergency medical care
• Oxygen Therapy
• Medications: aspirin, thrombolytics, antiplatelet drugs, nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins
• Reperfusion Therapy: percutaneous coronary intervention, thrombolytic therapy
• Coronary artery bypass grafting
• Cardiac rehabilitation

3. Stroke or Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A stroke is also known as a cerebrovascular accident; it is a condition when the blood supply to the brain is reduced or interrupted. Globally it is a second cause of death and also a leading cause of disability. Ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are two types of strokes.

Every year more than 795,000 people in the US have a stroke. Out of them 610,000 are the first stroke and 185,000 happen to people who have already had a stroke. About 87% of all strokes are ischemic strokes. According to predictions, adopting heart-healthy lifestyle habits including eating a balanced diet, exercising frequently, and quitting smoking could prevent 80% of early heart attacks and strokes.

Treatments available for Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA)

• Ischemic stroke treatment: Intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy
• Hemorrhagic stroke treatment: Control bleeding and manage blood pressure, surgical intervention
• Supportive care: Monitoring and vital signs management, medications, rehabilitation

4. Peripheral Arterial Disease

A blockage in the arteries that supply blood to your limbs (often your legs) causes peripheral arterial disease, commonly referred to as peripheral vascular disease.

Walking-related leg pain is the most typical sign of peripheral arterial disease. Usually, your thighs, hips, or calves will be the area affected. Leg cramps, a dull ache, or a feeling of heaviness are all possible symptoms of the pain. When you exercise your legs by walking or climbing stairs, it typically comes and goes and grows worse.

5. Aortic Disease

The largest blood vessel in the body is the aorta. It transports blood from your heart to your body’s other organs.          

The most prevalent kind of aortic disease is an aortic aneurysm, which occurs when the aorta's wall weakens and bulges outward. Usually, you'll feel pain in your back, stomach, or chest.

6. Heart Valve Disease

Any disorders that make one or more of your heart's valves incapable of functioning properly are referred to as heart valve disease. Heart valve dysfunction might make your heart work more difficult if it is not treated. This may worsen your quality of life and potentially endanger your life.

There are different types of heart valve diseases including, valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency, and valvular atresia.

Heart valve disease affects roughly 2.5% of Americans, many of whom are senior citizens. In the US, heart valve disease claims the lives of over 28,000 people annually. A common heart valve issue is mitral valve prolapse.

7. Rheumatic Heart Disease

The heart valves become damaged when a person has rheumatic fever, an inflammatory condition that is most frequent in children.

Untreated strep throat is the precursor of rheumatic fever, which can spread to many sections of a child's body. Physical examination and tests like X-rays and EKGs are performed to check for heart damage for detection of rheumatic fever.

8. Hypertension

When the pressure in blood vessels is very high (140/90 mmHg or greater), a person is suffering from hypertension (high blood pressure). Although common, it can become serious if left untreated. Those who have high blood pressure might not experience any symptoms. Getting blood pressure checked is the only way to find out.

Worldwide, around 1.28 Bn people between the ages of 30 and 79 have hypertension, with the majority (two-thirds) residing in low- and middle-income nations. According to statistics, adults with hypertension are 46% less likely to be aware of their disease. Adults with hypertension are only diagnosed and treated in 42% of cases. 21% of people who have hypertension have it under control. Around the world, hypertension is a key factor in premature death.

Other Cardiovascular Disease

1. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism

Deep veins, mainly in the legs, are where blood clots can develop. DVT is what is occurring here. They might escape and make their way through your bloodstream to the lungs, where they might stop blood flow. The name of this condition is pulmonary embolism. It requires prompt medical attention because it is life-threatening.

Genetics or family history may put a person at a higher risk for DVT. Long periods of time spent sitting, such as those in a car or on a plane, prolonged bed rest, pregnancy, and the use of birth control or hormone replacement are additional factors that can increase risk.

2. Congenital Heart Disease

It is a condition in which There may be an issue with one or more blood vessels or cardiac areas. It occurs prior to birth. It affects about 8 out of every 1,000 kids. Individuals with it begin experiencing symptoms as early as birth, while others don't show signs until childhood or even adulthood. Most of the time, we have no idea why it occurs. Genes might be involved, or it might occur if a newborn is exposed to viruses, alcohol, or drugs prior to birth.

3. Cardiomyopathies

This phrase describes conditions that affect the cardiac muscle. They are occasionally just referred to as enlarged hearts. These diseases are characterized by abnormally large, rigid, or thick hearts. They have inadequate blood pumping capacity in their hearts. Cardiomyopathies worsen if untreated. They may trigger irregular cardiac rhythms and heart failure. Cardiomyopathy can occasionally run in families, but it can also be brought on by infections, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, or other metabolic or infectious illnesses.

Drugs Approved for Cardiovascular Diseases

1. Anticoagulants

It reduces the blood's capacity to clot (coagulate). Although they are sometimes referred to as blood thinners, they do not really thin the blood. They do not remove already-formed blood clots. They are used to treat specific heart, lung, and blood vascular disorders. These are commonly used drugs in this class:

• Apixaban (Eliquis)
• Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
• Edoxaban (Savaysa)
• Heparin (various)
• Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
• Warfarin (Coumadin)

2. Antiplatelet Agents and Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT)

It prevents blood platelets from adhering to one another, preventing the formation of blood clots. These are commonly used drugs in this class:

• Aspirin
• Clopidogrel (Plavix)
• Dipyridamole (Persantine)
• Prasugrel (Effient)
• Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

3. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

It reduces resistance by widening blood arteries and reducing angiotensin II levels. It makes the heart's work easier or more effective by allowing blood to flow more readily. These are commonly used drugs in this class:

• Benazepril (Lotensin)
• Captopril (Capoten)
• Enalapril (Vasotec)
• Fosinopril (Monopril)
• Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
• Moexipril (Univasc)
• Perindopril (Aceon)
• Quinapril (Accupril)
• Ramipril (Altace)
• Trandolapril (Mavik)

4. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers or Inhibitors (ARBs)

Angiotensin II receptor blockers stop angiotensin II from having any impact on the heart and blood vessels, as opposed to reducing levels of this molecule (as ACE inhibitors do). This prevents a rise in blood pressure. These are commonly used drugs in this class:

• Azilsartan (Edarbi)
• Candesartan (Atacand)
• Eprosartan (Teveten)
• Irbesartan (Avapro)
• Losartan (Cozaar)
• Olmesartan (Benicar)
• Telmisartan (Micardis)
• Valsartan (Diovan)

5. Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs)

An enzyme called neprilysin degrades organic compounds in the body that widen clogged arteries. It boosts the effects of these compounds, improves arterial opening and blood flow, lowers sodium (salt) retention, and lessens the strain on the heart by reducing the impact of neprilysin. Sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto) is the most commonly used drug in this class.

6. Beta Blockers

It lowers blood pressure and causes the heart to beat more slowly and gently by reducing the heart's pace and contraction force. These are commonly used drugs in this class:

• Acebutolol (Sectral)
• Atenolol (Tenormin)
• Betaxolol (Kerlone)
• Bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide (Ziac)
• Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
• Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
• Nadolol (Corgard)
• Propranolol (Inderal)
• Sotalol (Betapace)

7. Combined Alpha and Beta-Blockers

Heart failure and excessive blood pressure are treated with a combination of alpha and beta blockers. Carvedilol (Coreg, Coreg CR) and Labetalol hydrochloride (Normodyne, Trandate) are the commonly used drugs in this class.

8. Calcium Channel Blockers

It prevents calcium from entering the cells of the heart and blood arteries. Blood arteries may relax and the heart's ability to pump blood will be reduced. These are commonly used drugs in this class:

• Amlodipine (Norvasc)
• Diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac)
• Felodipine (Plendil)
• Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
• Nimodipine (Nimotop)
• Nisoldipine (Sular)
• Verapamil (Calan, Verelan)

9. Cholesterol-Lowering Medications

Although there are several medications that can lower blood cholesterol, statins are typically only used in patients who do not respond well to them or who experience severe adverse effects. They function in the body in many ways. Some have an impact on the liver, some have gastrointestinal effects, and some prevent the production of cholesterol from entering the bloodstream. These are commonly used drugs in this class:

• Statins: Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Fluvastatin (Lescol), Lovastatin (Mevacor), Pitavastatin (Livalo), Pravastatin (Pravachol), Rosuvastatin (Crestor), Simvastatin (Zocor)
• Nicotinic acids: Niacin
• Cholesterol absorption inhibitor: Ezetimibe (Zetia)
• Combination statin and cholesterol absorption inhibitors: Ezetimibe/Simvastatin (Vytorin)

10. Digitalis Preparations

It increases the heart's ability to contract forcefully. can be helpful in the treatment of irregular heartbeat and heart failure. Digoxin (Lanoxin) and Digoxin (Lanoxin) are the commonly used drugs in this class.

11. Diuretics

It causes the body to urinate to get rid of extra salt and water. reduces the strain on the heart. It reduces the accumulation of fluid in the lungs as well as other areas of the body, like the ankles and legs. Different diuretics drain fluid in different ways and at varying rates. These are commonly used drugs in this class:

• Acetazolamide (Diamox)
• Amiloride (Midamor)
• Bumetanide (Bumex)
• Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
• Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
• Furosemide (Lasix)
• Hydro-chlorothiazide (Esidrix, Hydrodiuril)
• Indapamide (Lozol)
• Metalozone (Zaroxolyn)
• Spironolactone (Aldactone)
• Torsemide (Demadex)

12. Vasodilators

Nitrates are a class of vasodilators that boost the heart's blood and oxygen flow while decreasing its workload, which might lessen angina (chest pain). As a pill to be ingested or absorbed sublingually (under the tongue), a spray, and topical treatment (cream), nitroglycerin is also offered. These are commonly used drugs in this class:

• Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
• Isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur)
• Hydralazine (Apresoline)
• Nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid, Nitro Stat)
• Minoxidil

Market Size and Key Findings

Cardiovascular Drugs Market Size, By Countries (in $ Bn)

Country	2022	CAGR	2030F
US	23.234	2.52%	28.353
China	4.447	6.02%	7.099
Canada	4.426	4.52%	6.303
Japan	3.439	5.02%	5.088
Germany	2.025	2.72%	2.510
France	1.521	3.52%	2.006
UK	1.438	2.52%	1.755
Brazil	1.382	5.52%	2.126
Italy	1.328	4.02%	1.820
Spain	1.068	3.52%	1.408
India	1.006	7.52%	1.797
Saudi Arabia	0.940	6.02%	1.501
South Korea	0.808	5.52%	1.242
Australia	0.664	6.02%	1.060
Russia	0.902	-	-
Mexico	0.830	-	-
South Africa	0.360	-	-
Indonesia	0.332	-	-
Poland	0.321	-	-
Vietnam	0.277	-	-
Austria	0.221	-	-
Kuwait	0.221	-	-
Qatar	0.221	-	-
Sweden	0.199	-	-
Portugal	0.166	-	-
Romania	0.160	-	-
Netherlands	0.144	-	-
Philippines	0.122	-	-
Finland	0.116	-	-
Algeria	0.111	-	-
Malaysia	0.089	-	-
Hong Kong	0.089	-	-
Morocco	0.072	-	-
Singapore	0.066	-	-
Nigeria	0.050	-	-

Market Dynamics

Market Drivers

The global cardiovascular drugs market is driven by several factors, including:

1. Increasing Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardiovascular diseases are most common in the worldwide population and incidence is increasing due to factors like a sedentary lifestyle, Unhealthy diet, increased consumption of tobacco, rising prevalence of smoking, and aging population. In 2021, 10.8 Mn cardiovascular deaths and 11.3 Mn total deaths are expected to be due to high systolic blood pressure worldwide. Recently COVID-19 has also contributed to increasing the burden of disease for cardiovascular disease. All of these are raising the demand for diagnostic methods and technologies that can successfully identify the illness.

2. Research and Development of New Drugs: Scientists are working to develop new drugs for cardiovascular diseases like specific targeted drugs, new approaches for drug delivery, and combination therapies. In February 2023, Krystexxa was approved which was developed by Amgen. Adults with recurrent pericarditis, an inflammation of the heart's lining, can now use the new medication Krystexxa. There has been significant investment in research and development of drugs to develop new and innovative drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. New drugs can be potentially effective but the development of new drugs can be a challenging and long procedure.

3. Growing Demand for Personalized Medicine: Personalized medicine is becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of personalized medicine. This involves tailoring treatments for the specific genetic makeup of the individual, which can result in more effective treatments and fewer side effects. The growing demand for personalized medicine is driving the growth of the breast cancer therapeutics market.

4. Increasing Healthcare Expenditure: Healthcare expenditure is increasing globally because of increasing disposable income and this is leading to increased investment in the maintenance of health. This is driving the growth of the cardiovascular drugs market.

5. Government Initiatives: Governments across the world are investing in campaigns to increase awareness and knowledge of cardiovascular diseases. People are becoming more aware of the importance of early detection and timely management of cardiovascular diseases. Increasing awareness of cardiovascular diseases is driving demand for the cardiovascular drugs market.

Market Restraints

While the global cardiovascular drugs market is expected to grow at a significant pace, there are also several key restraints that could potentially slow down the growth of the market, including:

1. Patent Expiration: Numerous cardiovascular medications have experienced or may experience patent expirations, resulting in the arrival of generic substitutes. The market share and profitability of branded cardiovascular medications can be dramatically reduced by generic competition.

2. Stringent regulatory requirements: New cardiovascular medications require a number of clinical trials and undergo regulatory review in order to be developed and approved. Strict rules and lengthy approval procedures can add time and money to the process of bringing new medications to market, limiting innovation and market expansion.

3. Side Effects and Safety Concerns of Treatments: Drugs for the cardiovascular system might have adverse effects and safety issues, just like any other kind of medication. Adverse drug reactions or safety concerns with a particular drug may result in regulatory warnings, limitations, or even withdrawal from the market, which could have an effect on sales and market perception.

4. Competition and Market Fragmentation: The market for cardiovascular medications is extremely competitive, with many companies and their products fighting for market dominance. Price pressures and decreased profitability for pharmaceutical firms might result from increased competition.

5. Limited Treatment Options for Specific Diseases: Despite there have been great improvements in the development of cardiovascular drugs, there are still some cardiovascular diseases that cannot be effectively treated, including some forms of heart failure, arrhythmias, and rare hereditary disorders. Market prospects and patient outcomes are hampered by the small number of treatments available for these illnesses.

Competitive Landscape

The global cardiovascular drugs market is highly competitive, with several key players competing for market share. Some of the key players in the market include:

Pfizer Inc.: Pfizer is a well-known international pharmaceutical company that produces a variety of pharmaceuticals, including ones for the heart. Key cardiovascular medications from Pfizer include Norvasc (amlodipine), a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina, and Lipitor (atorvastatin), a frequently prescribed statin used to decrease cholesterol levels. Additionally, Pfizer has been engaged in research on conditions like heart failure and atrial fibrillation as well as the creation of novel cardiovascular medications.

AstraZeneca Plc: AstraZeneca is a global pharmaceutical company that specializes in the study and development of treatments for a range of therapeutic conditions, including heart conditions. Crestor (rosuvastatin), a statin used to lower cholesterol levels, and Brilinta (ticagrelor), an antiplatelet medicine intended to lessen the risk of cardiovascular events, are important cardiovascular medications from AstraZeneca. Additionally, AstraZeneca has been actively involved in clinical studies and partnerships for the creation of novel cardiovascular medications, including those for heart failure and cardiovascular disorders linked to diabetes.

Merck & Co.: Often known as MSD outside of North America and Canada, is a large pharmaceutical company with a broad range of products, including medicines for the heart. Zetia (ezetimibe), a cholesterol-lowering drug, and Cozaar (losartan), an angiotensin II receptor blocker used to treat hypertension and safeguard renal function in people with diabetes, are two important cardiovascular pharmaceuticals made by Merck & Co. Additionally, Merck & Co. has been active in the creation of cardiovascular medications that target conditions like thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and heart failure.

Sanofi S.A.: Sanofi is a global pharmaceutical company that specializes in treating a variety of medical conditions, including cardiovascular disorders. Sanofi's leading cardiovascular products are Lovenox (enoxaparin), a low molecular weight heparin used for anticoagulation, and Plavix (clopidogrel), an antiplatelet medicine used to prevent blood clots. With multiple medications under development and in clinical trials, Sanofi has been actively engaged in cardiovascular research, focusing on conditions like dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure.

Novartis S.A.: The worldwide pharmaceutical company Novartis is engaged in the study, creation, and marketing of numerous therapeutic fields, including cardiovascular illnesses. Diovan (valsartan), an angiotensin II receptor blocker used to treat hypertension and heart failure, and Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan), a treatment for heart failure with a decreased ejection fraction, are important cardiovascular medications produced by Novartis. With continuous initiatives in fields like hypertension, heart failure, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, Novartis places a significant emphasis on cardiovascular research and development.

Other key players in the global cardiovascular drugs market include Johnson & Johnson, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bayer AG, and Gilead Sciences. These companies invest heavily in research and development to develop new treatments for cardiovascular diseases, and they also work to improve patient access to cardiovascular drugs and treatment by expanding their distribution networks and working with healthcare providers to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Regional Analysis

The global cardiovascular drugs market is divided into 5 regions based on geography: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. During the projection period, North America is anticipated to be the major market. This expansion can be attributed to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, which would then result in the introduction of new treatments. Other factors include the rising number of research and development clinical trials for cardiovascular drugs, favorable reimbursement policies, growing awareness of cardiovascular diseases, and acceptance of cutting-edge medicines.

According to data published by Cedars-Sinai in January 2022, the most prevalent type of heart surgery is coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), often known as coronary artery bypass or bypass surgery5. Every year, more than 300,000 patients in the United States successfully have bypass surgery. This demonstrates the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disorders in the nation, which is predicted to need the development of medications for use in the US, fueling market expansion.

Additionally, the region is seeing a rise in product releases, approvals, and clinical studies, which is predicted to fuel the expansion of the market under study throughout the projection period. Leqvio (inclisiran), the first and only small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (also known as bad cholesterol or LDL-C), with two doses a year, after an initial dose and one at 3 months, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2021. Leqvio, created by Novartis, effectively lowers LDL-C levels in some patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) taking maximally tolerated statin therapy by up to 52% compared to placebo.

Due to the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases and increased use of cutting-edge therapies in the region, APAC is anticipated to be the fastest-growing region throughout the projection period. The APAC region's dominance can be accorded to the large number of companies that have established R&D facilities there; manufacturing firms are encouraged to invest in Asia by the region's low salaries and accessibility to trained labor. Additionally, favorable healthcare measures and enhanced awareness will help in the growth of the regional market for cardiovascular medications. As a result, Japan, China, and India will have the APAC region's fastest-growing cardiovascular medication markets.

Healthcare Policy and Regulatory Landscape

The healthcare policy and regulatory landscape for cardiovascular drugs differs across different regions and countries. However, there are some common themes and initiatives that are improving access to cardiovascular disease treatment and care.

In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for the regulation of drugs and therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The FDA has established a comprehensive regulatory framework for the development, testing, and approval of new treatments for cardiovascular drugs. In recent years FDA has approved cardiovascular drugs including, Jardiance, Leqvio, and Vyvgart. These drugs are used for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases like heart failure and high cholesterol. These initiatives are aimed at increasing patient access to new and innovative therapies.

In Europe, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is responsible for the regulation of drugs and therapies for the treatment of various medical conditions including cardiovascular diseases. The EMA has established a comprehensive regulatory framework that is aimed at ensuring the safety and efficacy of new treatments for cardiovascular disease. The agency is taking initiatives like strengthening the risk management of cardiovascular drugs, promoting the use of generic cardiovascular drugs, and supporting research for new cardiovascular drug development. The agency has also implemented various initiatives aimed at improving patient access to new and innovative therapies.

In addition to regulatory agencies, there are various healthcare policy initiatives and organizations that are working to improve access to treatment for cardiovascular disease. For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) has established a global cardiovascular diseases initiative aimed at improving access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for various cardiovascular diseases. WHO has published a model list of essential medicines for the accessibility and affordability of these medicines. For prevention and awareness of cardiovascular diseases WHO has published a guideline for prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases and formal a global action plan for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases.

Overall, the healthcare policy and regulatory landscape for cardiovascular drugs is complex and constantly changing with time. All these regulatory bodies aim for patient safety and improved patient outcomes with efficient treatment for various medical conditions.

Reimbursement Scenario

Reimbursement for cardiovascular drugs varies depending on the country and the specific treatment involved. Generally, cardiovascular therapeutics reimbursement is typically provided through a combination of public and private health insurance programs.

In the US, reimbursement for cardiovascular disorders is complicated and varies depending on a range of factors, including the patient's insurance coverage, the specific treatment they receive, and the facility where it is provided. In general, the two biggest providers of cardiovascular care in the US are Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare is a government health insurance program for seniors and those with certain disabilities who are 65 years of age and older. A joint federal-state health insurance program called Medicaid covers low-income people and families. Medicare and Medicaid both have predetermined reimbursement rates for treatments and procedures related to the heart. These prices are frequently below the true cost of care, which puts patients at a financial disadvantage. Cardiovascular care is also covered by private insurance providers. The precise payment amounts, however, change based on the patient's plan and the insurance provider.

In Europe, reimbursement for cardiovascular diseases is also complicated and varies by country, patient's insurance type, type of treatment, and location of the treatment, among other variables. In Europe, public health insurance generally serves as the primary payer for cardiovascular care. All people of a nation are protected by public health insurance, which is paid for by taxes. In certain nations, private health insurance is also offered, but it is less prevalent than public health insurance. Depending on the nation and the type of insurance, different countries have different reimbursement rates for cardiovascular treatments and medications. The government may establish reimbursement rates in various nations. In other countries, hospitals and clinics, and health insurance providers negotiate the rates of reimbursement.

In other regions, such as Asia and Latin America, reimbursement for cardiovascular treatment may be provided through a combination of public and private health insurance programs.

However, access to healthcare and reimbursement for cardiovascular treatments may be limited in some regions due to factors such as cost, lack of infrastructure, and limited healthcare resources.

Reimbursement for cardiovascular treatment is an important factor in patient access to care. Governments, regulatory agencies, and healthcare organizations are working to improve patient access to effective and affordable cardiovascular treatment.

Recent Developments

In February 2023, Krystexxa was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which was developed by Amgen. Adults with recurrent pericarditis, an inflammation of the heart's lining, can now use the new medication Krystexxa. It is a biological medication manufactured from an antibody, a class of proteins. Krystexxa suppresses the development of inflammatory-causing cells. Once every four weeks, Krystexxa is given as an injection under the skin. Although it cannot treat pericarditis, it can lessen the frequency and severity of bouts. Additionally, Krystexxa is a relatively new medication, necessitating additional studies to determine its long-term effectiveness and safety.

In February 2022, to lower the risk of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded its authorization of empagliflozin (Jardiance) to include usage in people with heart failure (HF), independent of ejection fraction. In August 2021, the drug received approval to lower the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for HF in adults with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company Announced an alliance for the production of empagliflozin (Jardiance) in August 2021.

Conclusion

The cardiovascular drugs market has seen significant growth over the past few years, driven by rising awareness of the disease, improved screening and diagnostic technologies, and advancements in treatment options. Additionally, the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases, a sedentary lifestyle, and the growing aging population have also contributed to the growth of the cardiovascular drug market.

In terms of regional markets, North America is currently the largest market for cardiovascular drugs. However, the Asia-Pacific market is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years due to improved healthcare infrastructure, rising disposable incomes, and increasing awareness of cardiovascular diseases.

There has been new development and advancement in drugs for cardiovascular diseases like Krystexxa, Olpasiran (formerly known as AMG 891), and empagliflozin (Jardiance) in recent years. It has improved patient outcomes and the efficiency of treatment for various cardiovascular diseases.

Overall, the global cardiovascular drugs market is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, driven by factors such as rising incidence rates, increasing awareness and screening, and advancements in treatment options. However, the high cost of cardiovascular treatments, the limited availability of healthcare facilities, and the limited coverage of reimbursement in certain regions remain major challenges in the cardiovascular drugs market.